Welcome

By Kirk Lalwani, MD, FRCA, MCR
Winter Meeting Program Chair

This year’s Pediatric Anesthesiology meeting will be held in conjunction with the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the Red Rock Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada, March 14th-17th, 2013.

As Program Chair, and on behalf of the Program Co-Chairs, Dr. Genie Heitmiller (Workshop Coordinator), Dr. Samuel Wald (PBLD Coordinator), and Dr. Carolyn Bannister (AAP Section Head), I would like to extend a warm welcome to you all. The meeting will provide the framework for attendees to participate in thought-provoking discussions with acclaimed experts in childhood obesity, pediatric ethics, simulation, neural monitoring, and patient safety. The program offers participants the opportunity to earn up to 17.5 CME credits for the SPA meeting. Attendees who register for special workshops, problem based learning discussions (PBLDs), and/or the Special Interest Group-Pediatric Pain Medicine meeting on Thursday (all at additional cost), can earn up to a maximum of 32 CME credits.

We have incorporated many suggestions from feedback received last year that have metamorphosed into new workshops, sessions on ethics and patient safety, and lectures with usable ‘take home’ messages. The scope of the meeting ensures a plethora of networking opportunities with colleagues from around the world in a beautiful desert resort setting, enhanced by the many attractions of Las Vegas.

Three SPA workshops (advanced ultrasound, junior faculty, and a new workshop for Clinical Competence Committee members) are scheduled for Thursday in addition to the SIGPPM meeting and the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society (CCAS) meeting. In addition to the regular core workshops (airway, ultrasound, echocardiography), other workshop offerings include those pertaining to medical missions, investigation of adverse events, acupuncture, single-lung techniques, giving feedback, scientific writing, advanced peripheral vascular access, writing and moderating PBLDs, epidemiology, and early and late-career financial planning.

The general sessions begin on Friday after PBLDs, which have been adjusted to a more favorable jetlag-friendly time. The first session begins by exploring the anesthetic and surgical challenges of Childhood Obesity, a problem of increasing national significance. Following this, an interactive discussion on Pediatric Ethical Dilemmas led by renowned experts in the field will involve robust audience participation and lively debate. This is followed by the Robert M. Smith award presentation, and the AAP Advocacy lecture entitled Childhood Obesity, which will be given by Dr. Thomas Robinson, Endowed Professor in Child Health, and Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University. The afternoon session will be on Simulation for Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology (MOCA) that has been designed to recreate for the audience the content and scope of a typical MOCA simulation experience that is required of all MOCA participants. The final Friday session encompasses refresher course lectures on Cardiomyopathy, and Tips, Tricks and Adjuvants for Pediatric Patient Controlled Analgesia Management.

Saturday morning begins with a session on Frontiers in Pediatric Neuroanesthesia featuring talks on the latest developments in Intraoperative Brain Mapping, Perioperative Management of Craniosynostosis, and Intraoperative Neural Monitoring. The second session is dedicated to the oral abstract presentations and awards, and the improved walk around digital poster discussions. Next, the AAP Ask the Experts Panel sponsored this year by the Children’s Hospitals of Cincinnati, Arkansas, and Texas, features the anesthetic management of children with pulmonary, hepatic and renal disease, respectively. The afternoon session focuses on The Role of Technology in Patient Safety and will be delivered by Dr. Matthew Weinger, Director of the Center for Research in Systems Safety at Vanderbilt. Finally, the Refresher Course Lectures emphasize practical ‘take home messages’ for an uncommon condition in The Pathophysiology and Anesthetic Implications of Mitochondrial Diseases, and for everyday anesthetic care in Evidence-based Management of Acute Intraoperative Emergencies in Children.

The general sessions are followed by the afternoon PBLDs with wine and cheese, back by popular demand from last year! The evening is highlighted by a special ‘meet and greet’ reception for younger faculty and fellows (‘The Young Turks’) with short presentations by key SPA leaders to encourage participation in SPA activities, to identify the next generation of SPA leaders. This reception is for fellows and faculty within 10 years of graduation, and requires advance free registration.
Sunday kicks off with PBLDs, followed by ‘Editors’ Best Picks’ highlighting key research papers from Anesthesiology, Anesthesia and Analgesia, and Pediatric Anesthesia, followed by the ever popular Jeopardy, led by our inimitable host, Dr. Myron Yaster.

As I complete my service as Program Chair, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all those who helped assemble this program; the SPA Education Committee for suggestions and PBLD reviews, Dr. Genie Heitmiller for workshops, Dr. Sam Wald for PBLDs, Dr. Nancy Glass for her invaluable advice and leadership, Dr. Carolyn Bannister and Dr. Joe Tobias for assistance with the AAP Advocacy Lecture and Ask the Experts speakers, and the SPA Administrative staff, particularly Kim Battle and Stewart Hinckley for their tireless and expert management of the logistics of planning a meeting as big as this.

I leave you to ponder one of my favorite “Fischerisms” by Dr. Martin H. Fischer: “Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.”

I hope you enjoy the meeting.

Education Mission Statement

The annual Winter/Spring Meeting will focus on topics of interest to those who provide anesthesia, sedation, pain management, and critical care services to infants and children. The overall goals for attendees of the program are to reinforce and enhance their existing fund of knowledge, and to introduce them to new and state-of-the-art techniques and information that affect their practice and improve the perioperative/critical care of pediatric patients.

Scope & Types of Activities

The program brings together experts from clinical and basic science disciplines related to pediatric medicine, anesthesia, and surgery.

General topic areas include anatomy, pathophysiology, anesthetic pharmacology, sedation, pain management, patient safety, and child advocacy. We will also discuss practice and career management issues. The presentation format is varied, and includes lectures and refresher courses, panel discussions, hands-on workshops and problem-based learning discussions. Additionally, an important part of the program is the presentation of new clinical and basic science research in oral and moderated poster-discussion forums. Significant attendee involvement and feedback are encouraged in all aspects of the program, and will be facilitated by the use of real time computerized audience polling as well as sessions where the audience directly participates in case discussions. Program content is, in fact, the direct result of membership input and extensive audience polling at prior meetings.

Target Audience

This program is intended for anesthesiologists and other practitioners who care for children in their practice of anesthesiology and/or critical care. It is also intended for clinical and basic science researchers whose areas of investigation relate to pediatric anesthesia.

Accreditation & Designation

SPA/AAP Program:
The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia designates this Live activity for a maximum of 32 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Special Interest Group – Pediatric Pain Medicine:
The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia designates this Live activity for a maximum of 7.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia has fully complied with the legal requirements of the ADA and the rules and regulations thereof. If any participant in this educational activity is in need of accommodations, please contact SPA at (804) 282-9780 by March 1, 2013 in order to receive service.

Hotel & City Information

Red Rock Casino, Resort & Spa represents the pinnacle in Las Vegas casino resort hotels. Red Rock offers guests an idyllic getaway at the top of one of America’s most vibrant cities. Ideally situated at the entrance to Red Rock Canyon and minutes from the world-renowned Las Vegas Strip, you couldn’t ask for a more exciting place to play, both indoors and out.

For more information on the hotel, please click here.

For more information on Las Vegas, please click here.

Pediatric Pain Medicine Special Interest Group Objectives

Innovations in Long Acting Local Anesthetics
Charles B. Berde, MD, PhD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Review recent clinical trials of novel prolonged duration local anesthetics
• Summarize some of the clinical opportunities and risk-benefit issues with novel local anesthetics
• Understand how novel local anesthetics might be studied and used in pediatric regional anesthesia

Adjuvants in Regional and Neuraxial Anesthesia: An Update
Corrie T.M. Anderson, MD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Specify three reasons for utilizing local anesthetic adjuvants in regional anesthesiology practice
• Understand the basic pharmacology of two commonly used local anesthetic adjuvants
• Recognize the potential risks of employing local anesthetic adjuvants in their practice of regional anesthesiology

Utilization of -omics technologies to predict drug response for pain medication
Jeffrey L. Galinkin MD, FAAP

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Describe why looking simply at blood levels of drugs is not enough
• Examine -omic approaches to therapeutic monitoring of drugs
• Understand the utilization of existing -omic technologies to monitor therapeutic efficacy of pain therapies

Influence of Race and Ethnicity in Pediatric Pain
Nathalia Jimenez, MD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Understand the racial and ethnic differences in the assessment and treatment of pain in children
• Recognize the role of cultural factors in pediatric pain management
• Understand racial and ethnic variability in genetic factors associated with pain sensitivity and opioid treatment

Pro/Con Debate: Are We Missing the Rave? Using Ketamine Routinely in the Operating Room
Pro - TBD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Recognize the mechanism of action of ketamine as well as the common indications and uses in pediatric anesthesia
• Understand new evidence that suggests ketamine may reduce or even prevent primary and secondary hyperalgesia associated with postoperative pain
• Review recent evidence that ketamine has anti-inflammatory effects which may reduce the postoperative inflammatory reaction

Con - Stephen Robert Hays, MD, FAAP

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Review data suggesting potential risks and benefits of ketamine administration in the perioperative setting, particularly in children
• Discuss potential mechanisms of ketamine effects in the pediatric perioperative setting
• Reach informed individual conclusions regarding the role of routine perioperative ketamine administration in children

Expert Panel: Perspectives for Treating Pain in the Child with Cancer, A Case Based Discussion
The Allopathic Pain Specialist - Kenneth R. Goldschneider, MD, FAAP
The Integrative Physician - Yuan-Chi Lin, MD, MPH
The Psychologist - Tonya Palermo, PhD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Understand the strengths and limits of pharmacologic treatment of pain in cancer
• Appreciate the unique role of local anesthetics and interventional management
• Evaluate the common complementary medical therapies
• Understand how to integrate allopathic and complementary medicine in pediatric cancer care

Neuropathic Pain: A Review
Giovanni Cucchiaro, MD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Describe the definition and characteristics of neuropathic pain and how to clinically distinguish neuropathic pain from somatic pain
• Describe current thinking regarding the mechanisms of neuropathic pain, and what biological processes are thought to be involved in its maintenance
• Understand which drugs generally work and which do not work for neuropathic pain, know their NNTs, and learn what medications are in the pipeline for future treatment

Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia
Navil F. Sethna, MB, ChB

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Understand OIH, when does it occur (intra- or post-operatively) & what are the possible mechanisms (peripheral, central or both)
• Assess the contribution of surgical trauma in facilitation of OIH
• Examine the relationship of opioid-induced analgesic tolerance, OIH and neurotoxicity

Telemedicine in Pediatric Pain
Anjana Kundu, MBBS, MD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Understand the structural components of telemedicine
• Understand role of telemedicine in pain management

Using the Internet to Enhance Access to Evidence-based
Pediatric Pain Interventions
Tonya Palermo, PhD

At the end of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

• Identify evidence-based interventions for pediatric chronic pain management
• Assess the advantages of mobile technologies for improving access and delivery of evidence-based pain assessments and interventions
• Identify implementation and translation-into-practice challenges specific to eHealth pain intervention implementation
  

SPA/AAP Objectives

Friday, March 15, 2013

Session I: Anesthetic Challenges in Childhood Obesity

Anesthetic Challenges in Pediatric Obesity Surgery
Paul J. Samuels, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Review the epidemiology of pediatric obesity
• Describe co-morbidities associated with pediatric obesity
• Discuss peri-operative anesthesia implications of childhood obesity

OSAS and Obesity: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Perioperative Care
Deborah A. Schwengel, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Name the prevalence of both obesity and OSAS in the pediatric population and the risks of perioperative morbidity related to these disorders
• Relate the interactions between obesity and OSAS to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome
• Discuss the implications of obesity and OSAS for perioperative care

Surgical vs. Medical Treatment of Childhood Obesity
Carroll Mac Harmon, MD, PhD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Understand the magnitude of the problem of pediatric obesity in the US
• Review the current status of behavior modification and medical management of pediatric obesity
• Review the current status and results of weight loss surgery in children and adolescents.

Session II: Ethics in Pediatric Anesthesiology

Ethical Dilemmas in Pediatric Anesthesiology - An Interactive Discussion
John Lantos, MD; Robert D. Truog, MD, MA, FCCM

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Identify unique ethical issues that arise in pediatric anesthesiology and critical care
• Develop a conceptual moral framework for analyzing ethical dilemmas
• Demonstrate the use of case discussions as a teaching tool

Session III: Robert M Smith Presentation

AAP Advocacy Lecture- Childhood Obesity
Thomas Robinson, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Recognize the basic epidemiology, causes and consequences of
• Understand key behavioral, social and policy strategies and opportunities to prevent and control childhood obesity

Session IV: Simulation is in Your Future: The MOCA Experience

Crisis Resource Management, Simulation, MOCA and the Pediatric Anesthesiologist
Samuel Wald, MD; Anita Honkanen, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Describe the important elements in crisis resource management
• Understand the rationale and role of simulation related to the American Board of Anesthesiology Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology
• Explain the components of teamwork and leadership related to time-sensitive patient care.

Session V: Refresher Course Updates

REFRESHER COURSE: Cardiomyopathy
Nina Deutsch, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Examine the pathophysiology and treatment of the various pediatric cardiomyopathies
• Understand the increased risk that these patients present in the perioperative period
• Describe the anesthetic management of pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy

REFRESHER COURSE: Challenges with PCA Management in Kids: Tips, Tricks, and Adjuvants
Shobha Malviya, MD, FAAP

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Discuss the use of patient-, parent- and nurse-controlled analgesia in children
• Review opioid and non-opioid agents used via PCA
• Identify pitfalls associated with PCA use and strategies to mitigate risks from PCA

Saturday, March 16, 2013

Session I: Core Lectures - Frontiers in Pediatric Neuroanesthesia: Seizures, Synostosis, and Stimulation

Anesthetic Challenges of Intraoperative Brain Mapping in Children
Nicholas P. Carling, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Identify the anesthetic challenges during procedures that require intraoperative brain mapping in the pediatric patient
• Name the anesthetic issues related to Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) procedures in the pediatric patient
• Formulate anesthetic plans for both DBS and intraoperative brain mapping procedures

Perioperative Management of Craniosynostosis
Charles M. Haberkern, MD, MPH

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Recognize different types and etiologies of craniosynostosis
• Understand surgical approaches to repair of craniosynostosis
• Understand anesthetic considerations/concerns associated with repair of craniosynostosis

Intraoperative Neural Monitoring: SSEP/MEP/EMG
Tod Sloan, MD, PhD, MBA

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Understand the neural anatomy involved in the SSEP and MEP
• Understand the applications of SSEP, MEP, and EMG monitoring in spine surgery in children
• Recognize the basic differences in the SSEP and MEP monitoring between children and adults

Session III: AAP Ask the Experts Panel

AAP Ask the Experts Panel and Lunch: Anesthesia for Patients with Pulmonary Disease, Hepatic Disease Disease and Renal Disease

“Perioperative Implications of Pulmonary Disease” - Nancy Hagerman MD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Describe the impact that pulmonary anatomic and structural abnormalities have on anesthetic management
• Determine the anesthetic implications that chronic lung disease has on
• Recognize the significance of varying acute infectious pulmonary processes on perioperative care

“Anesthetic Implications of Hepatic Disease” - Christie Burnett-Yarnell MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• List at least five pediatric diseases with liver pathology
• Describe the complications of advanced cirrhosis
• Discuss keys to evaluating patients with hepatic disease

“Anesthetic Implications of Renal Disease” - Priscilla J. Garcia MD, Texas Children’s Hospital

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Develop an effective preoperative evaluation process for the pediatric patient with renal insufficiency
• Recognize the intraoperative management options for the pediatric patient with renal insufficiency
• Identify the relevant postoperative conditions for the pediatric patient with renal insufficiency

Session IV: Technology and Patient Safety

Understanding the Role of Technology in Patient Safety
Matthew Weinger, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Describe the role of human-technology interaction in the safe delivery of anesthesia
• Describe how human factors engineering contributes to the design of safer medical devices
• Explain how anesthesiologists can contribute to patient safety through wiser selection and use of medical devices

Session V: Refresher Course Updates

REFRESHER COURSE: Pathophysiology and Anesthetic Implications of Mitochondrial Diseases
Allison Kinder Ross, MD

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Recognize the different types of mitochondrial diseases and their various presentations and pathologies.
• Identify preoperative preparation guidelines for patients with mitochondrial disorders.
• Understand the history of and changes in anesthetic intraoperative management in patients with mitochondrial disease.
  

REFRESHER COURSE: Evidence-based Management of Acute Intraoperative Emergencies in Children
Alan J. Schwartz, MD, MSEd

Upon completion of this session, the participant will be able to:

• Identify the clinical presentation of acute anaphylaxis, pulmonary aspiration, reversal of fetal circulation and local anesthetic toxicity in pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia
• Develop a clinical management plan for these Acute Intraoperative Emergencies in Children

Sunday, March 17th, 2013

Session I: Editors Best Picks

• Anesthesiology
  J. Lance Lichtor, MD
• Anesthesia and Analgesia
  Peter J Davis, MD
• Pediatric Anesthesia
  Charles J. Coté, MD, FAAP

Upon completion of this session, the participant will have the opportunity to critically review a few outstanding pediatric anesthesia papers published in the last year, Anesthesiology, Anesthesia and Analgesia, and Pediatric Anesthesia.

Session II: Jeopardy

Moderator: Myron Yaster, MD
Upon completion of this session, the participant will have the opportunity to review current pediatric anesthesia practice in a game-show format.

Workshop Objectives

Return to the Future: Clinical Competence Committee 2.0
Samuel D. Yanofsky, MD, MSEd; Julie J. Nyquist, PhD; Ira Todd Cohen, MD, MEd

By completion of the workshop the participants will be able to:

• Describe the role of the Clinical Competence Committee in learner evaluation
• List the factors that impact the reliability and validity of ratings and the performance review process
• Utilize psychometric inventories such as the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, the Thomas Kilmann Inventory on Conflict Management and an Emotional Intelligence Inventory in enhancing committee performance

Junior Faculty Workshop
Jerome Parness, MD, PhD

This workshop is designed for junior and mid-level faculty who are beginning an academic career or who simply wish to advance their knowledge of research methodology. Topics include, but are not limited to: research design, statistical methods, and grant writing.

Advanced Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia
Santhanam Suresh, MD, FAAP; Amod Sawardekar, MD; Adrian Bosenberg, MB, ChB, FFA; Arjunan Ganesh, MBBS; Per-Arne Lonnqvist, MD; Richard Elliott, MD; Robert W. Power, MD; Sean Flack, MBChB FCA DA; Adam Weingart, MD

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will have an understanding of:

• Basic functions of the US machine with particular attention to the US probes
• Machine settings for various age groups
• Anatomy using US guidance of all peripheral nerve blocks including upper and lower extremity, truncal and central neuraxial blocks, and
• Provide an instructional hands-on course with low faculty to attendee ratio to provide an understanding of how to scan and block most common peripheral/central neuraxial nerve blocks in children.

Financial Planning - Near Retirement
Charles P. Boinske, CFA

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will be able to:

• Plan for income needs in retirement
• Develop an action plan to address the planning issues that are important as you near retirement

Advanced Techniques for Peripheral Vascular Access
Gregory J. Schears, MD; Dawit T. Haile, MD; Scott D. Markowitz, MD, FAAP; Luis M. Zabala, MD; Steven W. Samoya, MD; Paul J. Fronapfel, MD; Andrea Dutoit, MD; Kendra Grim, MD

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will be able to:

• Demonstrate and practice use of ultrasound to obtain peripheral venous access
• Demonstrate and practice the use of two types of intraosseous catheters to obtain emergent vascular access
• Identify the potential advantages of near infra-red technology to optimize peripheral venous access.

Advanced Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia
Santhanam Suresh, MD, FAAP; Amod Sawardekar, MD; Adrian Bosenberg, MB, ChB, FFA; Arjunan Ganesh, MBBS; Per-Arne Lonnqvist, MD; Tarun Bhalla, MD; Senthilkumar Sadasivan, MD, MPH; Susuma Ohkawa, MD; Navil F. Sethna, MB, ChB; Robert W. Power, MD; Sean Flack, MD; Adam Weingart, MD

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will have an understanding of:

• Basic functions of the US machine with particular attention to the US probes
• Machine settings for various age groups
• Anatomy using US guidance of all peripheral nerve blocks including upper and lower extremity, truncal and central neuraxial blocks, and
• Provide an instructional hands-on course with low faculty to attendee ratio to provide an understanding of how to scan and block most common peripheral/central neuraxial nerve blocks in children.

Difficult Pediatric Airway
John Fiadjoe, MD; David M. Polaner, MD, FAAP; Cheryl K. Gooden, MD, FAAP; Narasimhan Jagannathan, MD; Todd J. Kilbaugh, MD; Pete G. Kovatsis, MD; John J. McCloskey, MD; Patrick N. Olomu, MD, FRCA; Paul A. Stricker, MD; Peter Szmuk, MD; Judit M. Szolnoki, MD; Agnes J. Hunyadi, MD; Maria Matuszczak, MD; Amish Patel, MD

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will gain:

• An understanding of situations in which alternative methods of securing the airway may be necessary
• An understanding of the development of a systematic anatomic and physiologic approach to the assessment of the difficult airway and to planning airway management
• An understanding of the availability of new devices and technologies for securing the airway and what their indications and limitations are, and
• Hands on experience with these devices.

Financial Planning - Early Career
Charles P. Boinske, CFA

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will be able to:

• Understand the key components of successful financial planning
• Avoid the five most common financial planning mistakes
• Develop an action plan to make sure all financial planning issues are addressed

Acupuncture
Yuan-Chi Lin, MD, MPH; Brenda Golianu, MD; Rosalie Tassone, MD, MPH; Cynthia Tung, MD, MPH; Shu-Ming Wang, MD

Upon completion of this workshop, participants will have:

• Enhanced knowledge of acupuncture
• Opportunity to integrate acupuncture for the practice of pediatric anesthesia and pain medicine
• Learned the history and theory of acupuncture
• Understand scientific evidence of acupuncture practice
• Evaluate acupuncture micro-system paradigms; incorporate acupuncture in peri-operative, pediatric anesthesia, and pain practice
• Participate in hands-on demonstration of acupuncture and related techniques.

Challenging Situations During Mission Anesthesia
George D. Politis, MD, MPH; Quentin A. Fisher, MD, FAAP; Valerie A. Rosseff, MD

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will be able to:

• Understand how to manage difficult situation that arise in the course of performing anesthesia in the “mission” environment
• Discuss patient and surgical criteria that may lead to difficult situations during short-term surgical projects.
• Understand differences between conducting anesthesia during disaster relief versus during scheduled short-term surgical projects.

Giving Feedback
Jayant K. Deshpande MD, MPH, FAAP; Sally Bitzer MD; Jessica George MD

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will be able to:

• Identify the elements of effective feedback (for trainees, for colleagues)
• Understand the optimum settings to provide feedback
• Practice giving feedback using case-based scenarios

How to Design and Moderate an Effective PBLD
Kirk Lalwani, MD, FRCA, MCR; Nancy L. Glass, MD, MBA, FAAP

At the end of this two-hour workshop, participants will be able to:

• State the rationale for case-based group learning
• Recognize the characteristics of a case suitable for discussion
• Be able to differentiate between a case appropriate for a Medically Challenging Case and a PBLD
• Take a brief stem and develop a PBLD suitable for the designated audience
• Compile a set of Best Practices for leading an inclusive, robust discussion

Investigating Adverse Events
Matthew Weinger, MD; Neal Campbell, MD; Jayant K. Deshpande, MD, MPH, FAAP; Eugenie S. Heitmiller, MD, FAAP; Donald C. Tyler, MD, MBA; Tesu Uejima, MD

Upon completion of this workshop, learners will be able to:

• Explain the systems view of adverse event etiology.
• Describe the basic methods and rationale for performing a post-event analysis.
• Conduct an effective event analysis on a simulated case.
• Describe the relative strengths and weaknesses of different types of event mitigation interventions

Single Lung Workshop
Dinesh Choudhry MD, DA, FRCA; Elliot J. Krane, MD; RJ Ramamurthi, MD, FRCA; Julie Williamson, DO; Christian Seefelder, MD; B. Randall Brenn, MD; Divya Dixit, MD; Harry Bonet, MD, PhD

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will:

• Understand the risks of SLV
• Be familiar with the benefits of SLV
• Know the advantages and disadvantages of the 3 general methods of SLV

Art of Scientific Writing
Jerrold Lerman MD, FRCPC

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will:

• Understand the building blocks that make clear and concise writing.
• Understand the elements that create readable, understandable and unambiguous manuscripts.
• Appreciate what editors look for in a manuscript to view the submission favorably; to recognize the utility of plagiarism software

Echo: Basic and Advanced
James A. DiNardo, MD; Thomas M. Burch, MD; Wanda C. Miller-Hance, MD

Upon completion of these workshops, the participant will understand the mechanics of conducting a basic TEE exam, and will have learned the principles necessary to conduct a comprehensive exam in patients with complex congenital heart disease.

Epidemiology
Thomas R. Vetter, MD, MPH

Upon completion of this workshop, the participant will understand:

• The practical basics of biostatistics, including sample size, power analysis, effect size, and confidence intervals,
• The practical basics of clinical epidemiology,
• The sources of bias in study design,
• The concept of confounding in study design,
• The various methods used to identify and control bias and confounding, including regression modeling and propensity scores
• The readily available, user-friendly biostatistics and epidemiology software options for the clinical researcher

PBLD Objectives

Problem-based learning discussions will offer the opportunity for group discussion with faculty and other attendees of common clinical problems. The format will highlight aspects of clinical decision-making including preoperative evaluation and preparation, anesthetic induction and intra-operative management and possible intra- and postoperative pain and other management dilemmas.