Size DOES Matter: A Calculus of Differences Between Children and Adults
Upon completion of this lecture, the participant will understand how the differences in anatomy and physiology between pediatric and adult patients (and even among children of different ages) affect anesthetic management.

Opioid Tolerance and Abstinence Syndromes: What Weaning Strategies Work?
Upon completion of this lecture, the participant will understand what patients are at risk for having abstinence syndrome, withdrawal scoring systems, and strategies for effective and abstinence-free weaning.

Anxiety, Awareness, and Premedication: Where are We?
Upon completion of this lecture, the participant will be familiar with advances in the understanding issues of anxiety and the used of premedication in the perioperative pediatric patient. In addition, the incidence of awareness in pediatric patients and its relationship to anesthetic technique will be discussed.

Pitfalls of Pediatric Anesthesia
Upon completion of this lecture, the participant will be familiar with the risk factors for and strategies for prevention and treatment of laryngospasm, aspiration, and emergence delirium in pediatric patients.

Anesthesia for Neonatal Surgical Emergencies
Upon completion of this lecture, the participant will be familiar with the spectrum of disorder which require emergency surgery in the neonatal period. The physiologic and pharmacologic considerations unique to the neonatal period and their effect on anesthetic management will be discussed.

Perioperative Control of Infection - Implications for Anesthesiologists
Upon completion of this lecture, the participant will understand the issues impacting patients who require surgery while infected: impact on patient and how to minimize risk of contagion to both staff and other patients.

Complications of Acute Pain Management in Children
Upon completion of this lecture, the participant will be aware of the range of adverse effects of various analgesic regimens for postoperative analgesia, including intravenous PCA and neuraxial techniques. Strategies for minimizing complications and managing them when they occur will be discussed.

Myths of Pediatric Anesthesia
After attendance at this lecture, the participant will be aware of long-standing practices in pediatric anesthesia which may not be evidence-based; evidence for and against continuation of these practices will be discussed.